一个高空槽前中尺度对流系统发生发展过程和机制研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林宗桂  林开平  李耀先  林墨  陈翠敏  林健玲 《气象学报》2011,69(5):770-781

2008年7月6日20时—7日14时,高空低槽前云系产生了一条从广西南宁市到环江县东西宽约80km、南北长达350km的暴雨带,槽前云系南段一个中尺度对流系统在上林县产生了降雨量达265.0mm的特大暴雨。使用常规资料和FY-2C卫星云图、多普勒天气雷达和自动气象站等非常规观测资料进行分析。当高空槽移过青藏高原后,从卫星云图和等熵面分析图上可以检测到槽后有干空气东南下,干空气经云贵高原下沉到桂西和越南北部后,在槽底附近转折向东侵入到桂中,在上林县附近形成一个中尺度涡旋和中尺度负变压中心,中尺度对流系统在中尺度涡旋及中尺度负变压中心上空发生、发展并产生了强降雨,而中尺度涡旋和中尺度负变压中心的出现超前于强降雨约2h。研究表明,中尺度对流系统发生、发展的有利条件是:(1)槽前偏南暖湿气流向桂中暴雨区输送充足的水汽并形成了位势不稳定,为中尺度对流系统的发生发展提供了环境条件;(2)在上林县附近形成的中尺度涡旋辐合上升运动抬升暖湿气流触发对流而形成了中尺度对流系统;(3)对流单体沿低空切变线传播发展并入中尺度对流系统,使中尺度对流系统得以发展和维持。给出了中尺度对流系统发生发展机制的二维概念模型。  相似文献   

基于权重调整的BP神经网络在Nino区海温预报中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈璇  游小宝  周广庆  张军  刘科峰 《海洋预报》2011,28(5):61-68

传统BP神经网络在训练完之后,其权重是固定不变的,加上神经网络的样本的标准化处理,将使得网络不易描绘样本峰值.因此,本文考虑变权的方法,以调节训练后的BP网络权重,基于变权次数,建立不同网络模型,并利用不同网络输出值与相应实测值进行比较.结果表明:变权BP网络预报效果有较大提升,同时,降低了对因子相关性的要求.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal variations and influencing factors of energy-related carbon emissions for Xinjiang cities in China based on time-series nighttime light data     

Zhang  Li  Lei  Jun  Wang  Changjian  Wang  Fei  Geng  Zhifei  Zhou  Xiaoli 《地理学报(英文版)》2022,32(10):1886-1910

Journal of Geographical Sciences - This essay combines the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) nighttime light data and the Visible Infrared Imaging...  相似文献   

Virtual field trip guide to the geology of Brazil: five CDs     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2000,13(1-2):157-159

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Seasonal forecasting of tropical cyclones in the North Indian Ocean region: the role of El Niño-Southern Oscillation     

Md Wahiduzzaman  Eric C. J. Oliver  Simon J. Wotherspoon  Jing-Jia Luo 《Climate Dynamics》2020,54(3):1571-1589

In this study, we have investigated the contribution of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to the North Indian Ocean (NIO) tropical cyclone (TC) activity and seasonal predictability. A statistical seasonal prediction model was developed for the NIO region tropical cyclone genesis, trajectories and landfalls using the Southern Oscillation index (SOI: as a metric of ENSO) as a predictor. The forecast model utilised kernel density estimation (KDE), a generalised additive model (GAM), Euler integration, and a country mask. TCs from the Joint Typhoon Warning Centre were analysed over the 35-year period from 1979 to 2013. KDE was used to model the distribution of cyclone genesis points and the cyclone tracks were estimated using the GAM, with velocities fit as smooth functions of location according to ENSO phase and TC season. The best predictor lead time scales for TC forecast potential were assessed from 1 to 6 months. We found that the SOI (as a proxy for ENSO) is a good predictor of TC behaviour 2-months in advance (70% skill). Two hindcast validation methods were applied to assess the reliability of the model. The model was found to be skillful in hindcasting NIO region TC activity for the pre and post monsoon season. The distribution of TC genesis, movement and landfall probabilities over the study period, as well as the hindcast probabilities of TC landfall during ENSO events, matched well against observations over most of the study domain. Overall, we found that the phase of ENSO has the potential to improve NIO region TC seasonal forecast skill by about 15% over climatological persistence.  相似文献   

North Atlantic forcing of autumn drought in Southwest China          下载免费PDF全文

Chaoxia Yuan  Wei Zhang  Yahan Zhong  Xinyu Lu  Jingchan Liu  Md Wahiduzzaman 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(1):76-80

干旱持续时间长,因此往往和缓慢变化的海温异常相关.本文利用观测降水和NCEP-DOE再分析资料,探讨了北大西洋中高纬地区东北-西南走向的偶极子海温异常对我国西南地区秋季干旱的影响.结果 显示该偶极子海温异常可激发向东南方向传播的Rossby波,在印度北部和青藏高原西部引起正压气旋性环流和上升运动异常,并在我国西南地区引...  相似文献   

上海夏季海风锋及其触发对流的时空分布和环流背景分析   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

顾问  张晶  谈建国  戴建华  岳彩军 《热带气象学报》2017,33(5):644-653

基于2011—2014年6—9月多普勒雷达、加密自动站和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对上海地区海风锋及其触发对流的时空分布和环流背景进行统计,得出主要结论:(1)近4 a来上海夏季海风锋登陆65次,其中海风锋触发对流19次。海风锋最早于09时登陆,平均持续时间为5.2 h。海风锋触发对流时段为13—15时,对流平均维持时间为2.5 h。海风锋触发对流多出现在市区、北部郊区和浦东新区,呈现强局地性;(2)根据海风锋登陆点将海风锋分成北支、南支和双支3种类型。海风锋类型与环境风向密切相关,环境风为东北风时形成南支海风锋,环境风为偏南风和西南风时形成北支海风锋,环境风为偏西风时形成双支海风锋。南支海风锋不易触发对流,这与其出现时上海的热力条件不如北支和双支海风锋出现时有关;(3)海风锋触发对流日的环流背景为:500 hPa副热带高压强盛,上海受副高控制;中低层西南风增温、增湿,促进层结不稳定;低层925 hPa为弱西风。海风锋触发对流日的大气可降水量和K指数显著大于无对流日,但与其它对流日无明显差异。   相似文献   

A review of progress in coupled ocean-atmosphere model developments for ENSO studies in China     

Zhang  Rong-Hua  Yu  Yongqiang  Song  Zhenya  Ren  Hong-Li  Tang  Youmin  Qiao  Fangli  Wu  Tongwen  Gao  Chuan  Hu  Junya  Tian  Feng  Zhu  Yuchao  Chen  Lin  Liu  Hailong  Lin  Pengfei  Wu  Fanghua  Wang  Lin 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2020,38(4):930-961

El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) is the strongest interannual signal that is producedby basinscale processes in the tropical Pacific,with significant effects on weather and climate worldwide.In the past,extensive and intensive international efforts have been devoted to coupled model developments for ENSO studies.A hierarchy of coupled ocean-atmo sphere models has been formulated;in terms of their complexity,they can be categorized into intermediate coupled models(ICMs),hybrid coupled models(HCMs),and fully coupled general circulation models(CGCMs).ENSO modeling has made significant progress over the past decades,reaching a stage where coupled models can now be used to successfully predict ENSO events 6 months to one year in advance.Meanwhile,ENSO exhibits great diversity and complexity as observed in nature,which still cannot be adequately captured by current state-of-the-art coupled models,presenting a challenge to ENSO modeling.We primarily reviewed the long-term efforts in ENSO modeling continually and steadily made at different institutions in China;some selected representative examples are presented here to review the current status of ENSO model developments and applications,which have been actively pursued with noticeable progress being made recently.As ENSO simulations are very sensitive to model formulations and process representations etc.,dedicated efforts have been devoted to ENSO model developments and improvements.Now,different ocean-atmosphere coupled models have been available in China,which exhibit good model performances and have already had a variety of applications to climate modeling,including the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6).Nevertheless,large biases and uncertainties still exist in ENSO simulations and predictions,and there are clear rooms for their improvements,which are still an active area of researches and applications.Here,model performances of ENSO simulations are assessed in terms of advantages and disadvantages with these differently formulated coupled models,pinpointing to the areas where they need to be further improved for ENSO studies.These analyses provide valuable guidance for future improvements in ENSO simulations and predictions.  相似文献   

COSMIC-2掩星反演数据质量分析     

薛子悦  鲍艳松  唐歌实  成巍  朱孟斌  袁帅 《热带气象学报》2022,38(3):453-466

为评价COSMIC-2掩星反演数据精度,利用探空站点资料,对比验证了基于COSMIC-2附加相位数据由无线电掩星数据处理软件ROPP计算得到的大气折射率及温湿廓线。实验结果表明:COSMIC-2数据经反演后的大气廓线质量较高,大气折射率相对偏差标准差为1.5%~4.3%,大气温度和相对湿度均方根误差分别为1.3~2.2 K、10%~15%;低纬地区样本精度总体优于中纬地区; 季节性差异不明显,但冬春季样本精度总体略优于夏秋季。反演数据与COSMIC-2二级产品相比,折射率与温度在部分高度层精度更优,相对湿度在总体上精度更优。   相似文献   

卫星火情探测灵敏度试验与火情遥感新探测通道选择     

戎志国  刘诚  孙涵  马轮基  卢乃锰  刘京晶  张玉香  钟仕全  张艳  张鹏  张甲珅  李亚君  张行清  马瑞升  王君华 《地球科学进展》2007,22(8):866-871

2005年10月在广西武鸣机场进行了一系列的人工火情测量试验。进行的100 m2与200 m2火场同步观测试验表明，在EOS TERRA、EOS AQUA和FY 1D等气象卫星遥感图像的人工火场区，中波红外通道均有明显的增温效应，达到了现行业务火情监测的判识标准，表明气象卫星1 km分辨率的中波红外通道完全可以遥感监测到小至200 m2、甚至100 m2完全燃烧的火场。分析BOMEM MR 154 FT高光谱仪测定的火情光谱特征，发现在中波4.34~4.76 μm光谱段的辐亮度比火情监测常用通道3.5~4.0 μm有更强的响应关系。通过初步的大气辐射传输计算，结果表明此波段似为卫星遥感探测火情更为敏感和有效的通道。  相似文献